Indonesia had no nationwide referendum, but only regional one and concerning only on territorial changes. thumb_up Like (1) visibility Views (9.4K) edit Answer . All referendums are binding. General Pervez Musharraf held a referendum in Pakistan on 30 April 2002 to legitimize his presidency and assure its continuance after the approaching restoration of democracy. The first type of amendments includes that can be passed by "simple majority" in each house of the Parliament of India. The U.S. Constitution does not contain a provision requiring Congress to submit a proposed amendment upon request by some requisite number of states. A list of these amendments can be, This number is based on the number of approved constitutional amendments in Oregon. Stevens argued that it would give more power to people's desire to stop gun violence than the National Rifle Association. Legislatures must return specific materials to show proof of ratification. If a majority of those voting, as well as separate majorities in each of a majority of states (and where appropriate a majority of people in any affected state) vote in favor of the amendment, it is presented for Royal Assent, given in the Queen's name by the Governor-General. Therefore, the only referendum ever held in the Czech Republic at the national level was Czech European Union membership referendum in 2003. Though this more momentous method has never been used, the number of states voting to demand a constitutional amending convention has come close to the required two-thirds on several occasions. Its focus is not a single issue nor is it being driven by one organization. Approval in a referendum is necessary in order to amend the Australian constitution. Strathclyde Regional Council held a postal referendum in 1994 on whether control of water and sewerage services should be transferred to appointed boards: this was largely a political tactic, since this was the policy of the UK Government at the time. The referendum in Portugal is called by the President of Portugal (if he so decides), on a proposal submitted by the Assembly or the Government. One type is for enacting a new constitution. The most recent amendments to the Massachusetts Constitution, The most recent amendments to the Michigan Constitution, of which there were two, were approved by voters in, The most recent amendment to the Minnesota Constitution was approved by voters in. Voter turnout needed is 50% of the number of the voters who participated in the last elections for the Parliament. Substantial changes in the terms regarding the membership of Latvia in the European Union shall be decided by a national referendum if such referendum is requested by at least one-half of the members of the Parliament. The question must first be approved by the Central Election Commission.[10]. While binding, it is limited to the single instance of amending the Constitutional provision on the maximum parliamentary term of five years. On 19 March 2011 a constitutional referendum was held in Egypt, following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011. In many cases, the mere threat of a facultative referendum or of an initiative is enough to make the parliament adjust a law. The political risks involved made the practice rare. Article 27 was intended for bills that were particularly contentious, controversial or of high importance. [18] This does not apply to money bills or expropriation. [36] On the same day, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state.[37][38]. A governor’s signature on the ratification bill or resolution is not necessary. It was last updated following the November election in 2019. In the 1940s and 1950s, federal taxing power was the focus of many applications. The referendum can be held only on "important issues concerning the national interest". The UK Parliament enacted the legislation anyway, and it came into force on 1 April 1996. The volume of legislation introduced in state legislatures illustrates recent interest. This was followed by the Ten-Day War, in which Slovenian forces drove the Yugoslav People's Army out of the country. The only details about execution of referendums are found in Article 114 which deals with constitutional amendments. Constitution of Cyprus has no mention of referendum (as of 2013). Completing the CAPTCHA proves you are a human and gives you temporary access to the web property. There have been several referendums in Morocco, most of which were related to the Moroccan constitution. The "Yes" won with 68.5%, prolonging Pinochet's term until 1989 and replacing the 1925 Constitution with a new one still used today. Due to discontent towards the proposal of political reform made by the Hong Kong government, the Civic Party and the League of Social Democrats joined together to carry out "Five Constituencies Referendum" in early 2010, by having one Legislative Councillors (from either one of the parties) in each constituency resigned, forcing the government to carry out a by-election, thus giving a chance for all voters to show their will towards universal suffrage and the abolition of functional constituencies. There have been four plebiscites and one "consultation" in Chilean history. Log in. How many times the current version has been. The federal rule and referendums have been regularly used in Switzerland since its inauguration as a modern state: almost 600 national votes have been held since 1848.[26]. The official count is kept by Office of the Federal Register at the National Archives. 1. What constitutes an official application by a state legislature? In order to hold the 2005 referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, a different law was temporarily put in place. In Denmark, after a law has been passed by parliament, one third of the members can demand a referendum. The Uruguayan constitution allows citizens to challenge laws approved by Parliament by use of a referendum or to propose changes to the Constitution by the use of a plebiscite. Just as in the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates from every state would attend this so-called “Article V Convention” for the purpose of proposing one or more amendments. In 1925, a plebiscite was held over a new constitution that would replace a semi-parliamentary system with a presidential one. The most recent amendment to the Iowa Constitution, The Kansas Constitution was originally known as the "Wyandotte Constitution. A constitutional referendum is valid no matter how many electors go to the polling station. Éstas son todas las consultas populares de AMLO, "Reportan poca participación en consulta en Oaxaca", Gobierno inicia proceso de consulta ciudadana e indígena para Tren Maya; se realizará el 15 diciembre, "Santa Lucía gana en la consulta popular", Polémica en México después de que el estado de Baja California cambiase su Constitución para ampliar el mandato del gobernador, "Govt sets date for asset sale referendum", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Referendums_by_country&oldid=987263264, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2019, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, At least 33% of registered voters in favour, At least 25% of registered voters in favour, A constitutional referendum was held in Bangladesh on 15 September 1991. person. The Constitution of Denmark can be changed only after a referendum. Binding referendum is mandatory if the President should be removed from office before the end of his term, and in case of comprehensive change of the Federal Constitution. This can occur in two circumstances. The most recent amendment to the Oklahoma Constitution, The most recent amendment to the Oregon Constitution was approved by voters in, The current constitution has been amended about. From 2006 to 2018, six amendments to New Hampshire's constitution were proposed and four were adopted— two in 2006 and two in 2018. However, most states have a form of non-binding ballot question ("Volksbefragung" people's inquiry) which has rarely been used - the most important one had been the 1955 Saar Statute referendum. Join now. The referendums are said, by their adversaries, to slow politics down. This referendum resulted in a majority voting to leave the EU by 52% of votes as opposed to 48% of votes who voted to remain, causing unprecedented ramifications both within the UK, Europe and internationally, and forced the resignation of David Cameron the following day (he officially left office on July 13).[40]. Furthermore, constitutional issues, such as the establishment of the Supreme Court of New Zealand, may be done without a referendum. Congress has passed six amendments that never received ratification by the states. Cloudflare Ray ID: 5f12050719d80c19 A referendum (in some countries synonymous with plebiscite, or a vote on a ballot question) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. Nonetheless, the winning option on all three referendums was honoured by the governments of the time. The Constitution proscribes two ways to hold a referendum: The Constitution imposes a number of prohibitions on matters on which a referendum can be held, including amending Constitution, budget, taxing, obligations from international agreements, military operations, etc. Because repealing amendments must be proposed and ratified by one of the same two methods of regular amendments, they are very rare. Referendums in general (defined in Article 51) are not explicitly stated to be binding. 8. If it does, its ratification is invalid. On the federal level, there are only two mandatory constitutional referendum types. Step 3. Each state section below includes this information: if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; History of initiative and referendum in the U.S. Alaska • Arizona • Arkansas • California • Colorado • Florida • Idaho • Illinois • Kentucky • Maine • Maryland • Massachusetts • Michigan • Mississippi • Missouri • Montana • Nebraska • Nevada • New Mexico • North Dakota • Ohio • Oklahoma • Oregon • South Dakota • Utah • Washington • Wyoming, Roland Patten • [22][23] In 2015, Slovenia held another referendum on a bill legalizing same-sex marriage, which was rejected by the majority of voters. Legislatures in two-thirds of states must agree, however. Referendums are rare in Canada and only three have ever occurred at the federal level: 1898 on Prohibition, 1942 on WWII conscription, and 1992 on the Charlottetown Accord. 1 2 3. Results were 51.62% voted in favour and 48.38% against it. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, How many times did Belgium amend its constitution regarding power sharing, In the vedic period there were two important for the bodies for the help of the king . An effort in Virginia to become the 38th state to ratify the ERA failed by a single vote in February 2019. While these calls may bring some political pressure to bear, Congress is under no constitutional obligation to respond. A list of these amendments can be. Seven programs were approved by over 90% of voters. According to the Constitution of Singapore, a referendum can be held in a few circumstances, including situations when a constitutional amendment passed by the Parliament is rejected by the President, or when the nation's sovereignty needs to be decided (i.e., merger or incorporation into other countries). The result saw 83.6% vote in favour, with a turnout of 35.2%.[1]. The turnout was 93.3% of all voters, of which 94.8% cast a vote in support of independence. November 24–25, 2018, social programs.