PubMed Central Therefore, studies targeting plant indirect defenses provide an appropriate basis for the development of new protocols for T. urticae pest management that do not rely on acaricides in agriculture and horticulture. The assays were performed in a climate-controlled room (24 ± 1 °C) under light conditions. Tech. Clean candy mint and spearmint were attractive to P. persimilis, when compared with clean air and undamaged Phaseolus vulgaris plants serving as the target crop. Controls ants and aphids, has same general companion properties as other … Planting roses next to catmint not only looks beautiful but has the added benefit of covering up the bare stems of the rose while at the same time repelling detrimental insects and encouraging beneficial ones. 6). New Phytol. Visual effects produced by spider mites on TPs may help the migration of the predator, but it was reported that P. persimilis does not have a visual sensor26 and our results are in accord with this (Fig.
Mint plants could theoretically serve as companion plants (CPs) that attract enemies of herbivores in tritrophic interactions. Togashi, K., Goto, M., Rim, H. et al. Take advantage of its vigorous growth … Olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis when offered candy mint or spearmint plantlets (4 g fresh weight) + potted, slightly damaged (SD) Phaseolus vulgaris plants or heavily damaged (HD) P. vulgaris plants vs. SD plants + potted, undamaged (UD) P. vulgaris plants or HD plants + UD plants in a Y-tube olfactometer. Moreover, the tested blends of major mint volatiles were also not responsible for the attraction of P. persimilis. Technol. Oyama-Okubo, N. Analysis and classification of emitted scent compounds in leaves of Mentha cultivars. Tomatoes also benefit from comingled mint planting in this way, as the aroma of the mint deters aphids and other pests. Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae cv. 193, 1009–1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04018.x (2012).
(b) A pair of candy mint or spearmint plantlets was placed at diagonal positions at the corners, and another pair of odor-source plants was placed at the other corners, on a square board at the same distance from the predator-release point. J. Essent. Discover 10 companion plants to grow.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released into the atmosphere for many purposes from plants belonging to a vast array of taxa to play important roles in attracting mutualistic animals, resisting environmental stress, and directly controlling plant pests1,2. Start your mint after the last frost, and space each seedling 18 to 24 inches apart. By using mint as a ground cover, the sweet fragrances will be released every time someone walks past. 3b). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The VOCs emitted from candy mint consisted of monoterpenes, including 1,8-cineole, menthone, menthofuran, menthol, and pulegone. Olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis when offered clean air, or potted, slightly damaged (SD) P. vulgaris plants or heavily damaged (HD) P. vulgaris plants vs. potted, undamaged (UD) Phaseolus vulgaris plants (a) and when offered candy mint or spearmint plantlets (4 g fresh weight) vs. UD, SD or HD plants (b,c) in a Y-tube olfactometer. Cite this article. Nat. Fertilized female mites were used for the experiments at 5–10 days after their final moulting. Likewise, candy mint was more strongly preferred compared to potted UD or SD plants (P < 0.05) but not compared to HD plants. The genome of Tetranychus urticae reveals herbivorous pest adaptations. Companion planting is when different crops are planted near each other to control pests, aid in pollination, and to harbor beneficial insects. With its lovely blue hues, companions for catmint aren’t hard to find and planting next to catmint is a sure way to accent other perennials. The powerful aromatic oils of mint seem to be beneficial to all of the above mint plant companions in repelling harmful insect pests. This includes emitting odours and resins to protect them from insects or to invite beneficial predators. Gen-ichiro Arimura. Therefore, initially we expected that the generalist N. californicus rather than the specialist P. persimilis would be responsive to mint VOCs, whereas in fact we observed the opposite responses.
Moreover, we considered the possibility that mint VOCs may influence the ability of the damaged neighboring plants to emit VOCs, a phenomenon frequently referred to as “eavesdropping”20. Plant a striking border of catmint along with irises and Siberian spurge, or accent the aforementioned rose and catmint combo with a pop of color from yarrow. wrote the manuscript. The adult female predators were starved overnight by placing 20 mites in a sealed plastic case containing wet cotton with water and used for assays, whereas non-starved T. urticae were used for assays. Helle, W. & Sabelis, M. W. Spider mites: their biology, natural enemies and control. designed research. 19, 741–752 (2006).
Catmint (Nepeta) is an herbaceous perennial from the mint family and, like other members of this family, has aromatic leaves. Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint family. The collected volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (GC: Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA; 6890 with an HP-5MS capillary column: 30 m long, 0.25 mm I.D., and 0.25 µm film thickness; MS: Agilent Technologies, a 5973 mass selective detector, 70 eV) equipped with a thermal desorption system, a cooled injection system, and a cold trap system (Gerstel GmbH & Co. KG). (a) Schematic drawing of experimental setup for the assay. * Seeds are sold as souvenirs. Behavioral responses of Aphis citricola (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemy Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to non-host plant volatiles. What about catmint companion plants? • Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! In order to avoid airborne contamination between mint and bean plants, all of the bean plants were cultivated at least 5 m away from mint plants when the plants were cultivated in the same room. Adult females (10 days old) after oviposition were used for assays. That said, mint tends to be a highly invasive plant. Although the relevance of background odor during rearing to subsequent resource location is of possible concern24, we tried to avoid this possibility during rearing of the predatory mites (see Materials and Methods). Each assay was carried out on five different days (100 predators in all) with new sets of odor sources, and the results were subjected to a replicated G-test. Vol. volume 9, Article number: 1704 (2019) Pest Manag. ISSN 2045-2322 (online). Predators that did not reach the dish within 10 min (“no choice” subjects) were excluded from the statistical analysis. Article Induced plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores, 269–298 (1999). Ecol. P. persimilis (Phytoseiidae) and N. californicus (Phytoseiidae) were obtained from Arysta LifeScience (Tokyo, Japan) and reared continuously in the laboratory. The means indicated by different small letters are significantly different based on an ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s HSD (P < 0.05). If your cats love catnip but you find it a bit drab in the garden, try growing the gorgeous blooming perennial catmint. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Mint, from spearmint to peppermint, is a notorious spreader, with horizontal roots that will ruthlessly conquer the root systems of nearby plants if given the chance. 1). Many members of the Salvia genus have trichromes or hairs (just like the cannabis plant) that grow on the leaves, stems and flowers of the plant.
Since HD plants were more attractive than SD and UD plants (Fig. Sabelis, M. W. et al. Annu. Entomol. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in New Phytol. 1), authentic VOCs released from hexane solutions were assessed for the olfactory responses they induced in the predatory mite P. persimilis. By continuing to use our site you are agreeing to our, Customer Service Monday - Friday 8:00 - 16:00, Free Giftbag with every order above €75,-. Another possibility is that N. californicus may not prefer mint VOCs irrespective of its evolutionary experiences. Together, our findings indicate that the mint VOCs should work synergistically for pest management, owing not only to their attractivity to predatory mites but also to their multi-functions in the ecosystem, for instance, repelling insect and mite herbivores and boosting anti-herbivore activity in neighboring crops20. If you’re limited on space in the garden bed, mint is the perfect candidate to be planted in a pot.
By subscribing to the Zamnesia newsletter, you will: In order to provide the best possible service, there are a number of countries that we do not ship to or only ship certain products to. Insect-attracting plants that grow readily from seed include herbs like thyme, sage, coriander, chives and mint, and flowers such as cosmos, calendula, lavender, echinacea and marigold. Together, these findings suggest that the use of candy mint and spearmint as CPs is an ideal platform for spider mite pest management via the attraction of predatory mites. Environ. & Arimura, G. The effect of genetically enriched (E)-β-ocimene and the role of floral scent in the attraction of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis to spider mite-induced volatile blends of torenia. The findings of our study provide new insights into potential application of selected mint cultivars for spider mite management in agriculture and horticulture.