This article presents the findings of a retrospective population-wide cohort study of data from the Child Health System (CHS) data set, which recorded information on all births in NI between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 1986, along with parental information, including degree of consanguinity. C, Murray
Overall, it is commonly seen in immigrant populations and the rate varies from region to region depending upon many factors including education status. G. Rare and common variants: twenty arguments. Neighborhood deprivation and psychiatric medication prescription: a Swedish national multilevel study. D, Morris
Maghsoudlou
Marriages between people who are related is more common than you might think. However, to effectively analyze the effect of consanguinity on physical and mental ill health, there is a need to implement accurate record keeping of marriage between cousins. After full adjustment for factors known to be associated with poor mental health, children of first-cousin consanguineous parents were more than 3 times as likely to be in receipt of medications for common mood disorders compared with children of nonrelated parents (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.24-7.31). H, Kanaan
Rudan
The final data set comprised 363 960 individuals, alive and residing in Northern Ireland in 2014, with full data on all variables. In this population-wide cohort study of 363 960 participants, being a child of consanguineous parents was associated with having an increased likelihood of psychotropic medication use in adulthood. Marital union among close biological kin is not uncommon. Maguire
The highest rates of consanguineous marriages occur in south and west Asia, Middle East, and north Africa. et al. First-cousin marriages are legal throughout the world with the exception of the United States, North Korea, and the People’s Republic of China.2 However, actual rates of consanguinity within populations are impossible to determine. A total of 74 738 individuals (16.7%) were not included in the cohort because they were unable to be assigned an HCN when the unique identifier was updated from CHI to HCN. Mortality in first-cousin pregnancy is about 3.5% higher than in non-consanguineous offspring, although other factors also play a role. C, Sundquist
Until now consanguinity is widely practiced in several global communities with variable rates depending on religion, culture, and geography. Despite the recent debate around the physical genetic risk of consanguineous parents, more research is required on the psychological effects of consanguineous parents on progeny. ME, El-din
sign up for alerts, and more, to access your subscriptions, sign up for alerts, and more, to download free article PDFs, sign up for alerts, customize your interests, and more, to make a comment, download free article PDFs, sign up for alerts and more, Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959), http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-borough-child-deaths-redbridge-parents-related-cousins-pakistani-families-council-report-a7741146.html, http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/news/2012/201204_borntoosoon-report.pdf, https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/2001-census-results-key-statistics-report-tables.pdf, https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/deprivation/northern-ireland-multiple-deprivation-measure-2010-nimdm2010, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, FDA Approval and Regulation of Pharmaceuticals, 1983-2018, Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017, Health Care Spending in the US and Other High-Income Countries, Life Expectancy and Mortality Rates in the United States, 1959-2017, Medical Marketing in the United States, 1997-2016, Practices to Foster Physician Presence and Connection With Patients in the Clinical Encounter, US Burden of Cardiovascular Disease, 1990-2016, US Burden of Neurological Disease, 1990-2017, Waste in the US Health Care System: Estimated Costs and Potential for Savings, Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles. Ahmed
As we have almost no treatment for genetic disorders, all the benefits are highly outclassed by disadvantages. K, Tuma
Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Genetic counseling and screening of consanguineous couples and their offspring: recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. W, Dowling
SM, Kamal
So public health education and genetic counseling are highly recommended in our community. There was a clear stepwise increase in the ORs for antidepressant or anxiolytic medication use given the degree of consanguinity of parents. R. Consanguineous marriages and their effects on pregnancy outcomes in India. Chang
E,
C, Diez Roux
K, Heidari-Soreshjani
However, not all individuals were successfully assigned a new HCN owing to name changes, marriages, and duplication errors. Some evidence shows that these marriages may protect against certain diseases. Kessler
GL. Group II: Single gene disorders. TV, Doshi
It has been found that more than 70% of infants with congenital anomalies die within first month of birth, whatever may be the cause of anomaly. Likelihood ratio tests for interactions found no interaction between rurality and consanguinity (χ2 = 6.37, P = .38) or between deprivation and consanguinity (χ2 = 7.99, P = .63). G. UK Pakistani views on the adverse health risks associated with consanguineous marriages. Consanguineous marriage was recorded in 51.5% of our cases with autosomal dominant diseases and in 31% of cases with X linked diseases, all cases of mental retardation (100%) and in 92.6% of patients with limb anomalies (P < 0.001). RJ, Murray
Unmasking is less common in highly heterozygous populations, so according to Bittles and Black, as cousin marriage declines, there should be corresponding increases in human health at a population level. There is no information on the mental health of the parents of our cohort. M, Ross
L, Newby
S, Morrison
All Rights Reserved, Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography, Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience, Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment, Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine, United States Preventive Services Task Force, 2018;75(5):438-446. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0133. A child of first-cousin consanguineous parents is at increased risk of common mood disorders and psychoses. to download free article PDFs,
Croudace
TA. Effect of consanguinity on birth weight for gestational age in a developing country. ER. ND, Wright
Young maternal age and old paternal age induce similar risk of mental disorders in offspring. Our endeavour to pursue free and fair journalism is possible only when we are both editorially and financially sound. Surveys suggest that 20% of world population prefers consanguineous marriages because of several social, economic, cultural, regional, racial and historical reasons. N, Tantam
Non-linear relationship between an index of social deprivation, psychiatric admission prevalence and the incidence of psychosis. MA. Births were identified as singleton (n = 357 351) or multiple (n = 6609) to allow for sensitivity analyses limited to singleton births only. J. Risk of transmitting genetic disease in consanguinity is much more than in normal population. Mair
The most commonly reported form of consanguineous partnership worldwide is between first cousins, who on average have coinherited one-eighth of their genes from one or more common ancestors. Importance
M. Inbreeding in Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (Quebec, Canada): a study of Catholic Church dispensations 1842-1971. G, Nassar
A second theory suggests that having consanguineous parents is associated with “social stigma,” especially in Western societies where consanguineous partnerships are considered taboo.13 Being a member of a minority population and having even perceived discrimination are known to be associated with poor mental health outcomes.54,55 However, it is not known how many of the children in our cohort were aware of the genetic relationship of their parents. CR, Gavin
This investigation was a retrospective population-wide cohort study of all individuals born in Northern Ireland between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 1986, derived from the Child Health System data set and linked to nationwide administrative data sources on prescription medication and death records. The HCN indicator was used to link the CHS with the EPD data set. J. C, Cardwell
An alternative view is that most of the variance for certain complex diseases is owing to moderately highly penetrant rare variants.52 As a form of assortative mating, consanguinity increases polygenic loading and thus is likely associated with a higher risk of mental disorder in progeny.53 However, this is only true if each of the parents carries common susceptibility loci. RC, Mickelson
AC, van Dijk
Until now, consanguinity is widely practiced in several global communities with variable rates. Proportion of the Population With Consanguineous Parents by Level of Consanguinity and Demographic Characteristics, Table 2. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal Pharmaceutical Society. J, Small
K, Frank
M, Ali
A, French
L, Sturkenboom
D’Onofrio
In addition, the National Society of Genetic Counselors13 in North America concluded that risks quoted from studies based on non-Western populations may not be applicable to all consanguineous unions owing to underlying societal differences and ethnicity-related risk factors, suggesting that well-controlled studies evaluating the effect of consanguinity have not yet been conducted. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. TM. This investigation was a retrospective population-wide cohort study of all individuals born in Northern Ireland between January 1, 1971, and December 31, 1986, derived from the Child Health System data set and linked to nationwide administrative data sources on prescription medication and death records. Being small for gestational age: does it matter for the neurodevelopment of premature infants? Arab populations have a long tradition of consanguinity due to socio-cultural factors. Advancement and rapid progress of newer modalities like next-generation sequencing may be an effective means of reducing deleterious outcomes of consanguineous marriages. Sensitive advice about the risks should be provided to communities that favor consanguineous unions to assist in reproductive decision making. Consanguineous marriage, prepregnancy maternal characteristics and stillbirth risk: a population-based case-control study. Findings In this population-wide cohort study of 363 960 participants, being a child of consanguineous parents was associated with having an increased likelihood of psychotropic medication use in adulthood. MR, Middleton
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