You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries...), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos, All English simple definitions from our dictionary. 2017; 9(7). (2005) Effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. This nutritious and easy-to-grow type of millet is largely unknown outside of Ethiopia, India and Australia. Products made with quinoa or buckwheat contained more antioxidants compared with both wheat products and the control gluten-free products. 2005 Sep;135(9):2236-40. In the grain-refining process the bran is removed, resulting in loss of dietary fibre, vitamins, minerals, lignans, phyto-oestrogens, phenolic compounds and phytic acid 163). Brown rice and oats are exceptions because they’re whole grains even if the word “whole” isn’t used. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18074229, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, November 2004; 80(5):1185-93. Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Removal of any parts of the grain thus causes the end product to lose some portion of its nutritional value. Components of some whole grains, including soluble fiber such as beta glucan, alpha-tocotrienol and the arginine:lysine ratio, are believed to play a role in lowering blood cholesterol. New research even indicates that beta-glucans may be radioprotective: they may help our bodies stand up better to chemotherapy, radiation therapy and nuclear emergencies. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Ma Y, Griffith JA, Chasan-Taber L, Olendzki BC, Jackson E, Stanek EJ 3rd, Li W, Pagoto SL, Hafner AR, Ockene IS. Researchers from the University of Witwatersrand Medical School in South Africa believe that “the change of the staple diet of Black South Africans from sorghum to maize (corn) is the cause of the epidemic of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.” They link the cancers to Fusarium fungi that grow freely on maize but are far less common on sorghum and note that “countries in Africa, in which the staple food is sorghum, have a low incidence of squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.” 147). Foods may contain ground, flaked, rolled and cracked grains, but they’re still whole-grain products as long as they have all three parts of the kernel in the same proportion as the natural whole grain. Harvard School of Public Health: Health Gains from Whole Grains, Kansas State University: Healthful Whole Grains, Center for Science in the Public Interest: Whole Grains: The Inside Story, American Heart Association: Whole Grains and Fiber, U.S. Food and Drug Administration: The Scoop on Whole Grains, U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide: Requirements for Health Claims Made in Labeling, How to Tell if You Are Buying Whole-Grain Bread, Health Benefits Between Enriched Flour and Whole Wheat Flour. The only way to be sure that a product contains whole grains is to check the list of ingredients. percent of adults met the daily recommendations for whole grains. Also of note: antioxidant activity increased with sprouting, and decreased with breadmaking 117). Oilseeds and legumes (such as flax, chia, sunflower seeds, soy, chickpeas, etc.) to help women of childbearing age reduce the risk of having a pregnancy affected with a neural tube defect, 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), recommend a healthy eating pattern that includes grains, at least half of which are whole grains or roughly, ounce-equivalents per day. All varieties showed high antioxidant activity, in both soluble and bound fractions 109). While most of the starch in buckwheat is readily digestible, the small portion that is resistant (about 4-7%) can be highly advantageous to overall colon health. Endosperm and whole grain rye breads are characterized by low post-prandial insulin response and a beneficial blood glucose profile. The team then studied the effects of both extracts on body weight and systolic blood pressure in rats. August 2009; 57(8):797-805. Rye Down-Regulates Some Risky Genes: For decades it was believed that genes determined destiny: if you’ve inherited genes that predispose you to heart disease, for example, you will develop cardiovascular disease. The existing literature suggests that teff is composed of complex carbohydrates with slowly digestible starch. Learn more… Health bonus: Rice is one of the most easily-digested grains – one reason rice cereal is often recommended as a baby’s first solid. Barley Pasta Lowers Cholesterol: University of California researchers fed two test meals to 11 healthy men, both containing beta-glucan. Many whole grain products, such as ready-to-eat cereals, are light in color. What Is Wheat Germ & Where Do You Buy It? A University of Milan study compared buckwheat, oats, and, quinoa to see if any of them showed promise in helping with appetite control. Am. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15531664, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, January 1999; 69(1):55-63. Descriptive words in the product’s name, such as. While results were mixed, they concluded that all four components (phenolic fractions) “have potential as therapeutic agents in the treatments of human melanoma” although the way in which each slowed cancer growth may differ 149). Also, whole grain foods are not always dry or gritty; some whole grain foods may be dense with a pleasant “nutty” flavor or light and flaky like a cereal grain. Being gluten-free isn’t sorghum’s only bragging right. Ann Epidemiol. J.E. To verify that a product is whole grain, consumers, encouraged to look beyond a product’s name. Epub 2010 Sep 24. Sixth, increasing dietary fiber intake has been show to decrease circulating levels of C-Reactive protein, a marker of inflammation and a predictor for coronary heart disease 42). It’s also a good source of selenium. 2000 Apr; 71(4):921-30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10731498/, Dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. Fourth, increased intake of dietary fiber yield increased levels of antioxidants. Descriptive words in the product’s name, such as “stone-ground,” “multi-grain,” or “100 percent” wheat or bran, do not necessarily indicate that a product is whole grain. It’s high in soluble fiber 92), helping to slow down the rate of glucose absorption. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20548009, August 26, 2010 presentation at the National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston MA, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, August 23, 2010. Amaranth has shown potential as a cholesterol-lowing whole grain in several studies conducted over the past 14 years. Randomized controlled trials studying the effect of whole grain intake on, waist circumference or measurements of body fat, Whole grains appear to be associated with a reduced risk of, Results from a review of 40 case-control studies of 20, cancer found that the pooled odds ratio for, were classified as having high whole grain intake, , who consumed whole grains infrequently or not at all, The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research have. Br J Nutr 104, 125–134. Epub 2009 Feb 5. Most often, whole grains are milled into flour and used in bread, cereal, pasta, crackers or other grain-based foods. Those living in an urban setting or frequently consuming fast food were less willing to try whole grain foods 105). It also helps prevent diverticular disease (diverticulosis) by decreasing pressure in the intestines 21). https://wholegrainscouncil.org/whole-grains-101/easy-ways-enjoy-whole-grains/grain-month-calendar/oats-%E2%80%93-january-grain-month, Whole Grains Council. Gastroenterology. G. Wholegrain Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence from Epidemiological and Intervention Studies. Worldwide, it’s second in production to corn – but first in its contribution to human food, since corn is used for many other purposes. JAMA Intern Med. Three species — Amaranthus cruenus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, and Amaranthus caudatus — are commonly grown for their edible seeds. Epub 2009 Jul 31. Regardless of how the whole grain is handled, a product may only be declared as “whole grain” if it provides approximately the same ratio of bran, germ and endosperm as found in the original grain.6,7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19205780, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, June 2005; 24(3):182-8. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. Although most studies agree with these findings, the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. Aromatic rices have a special fragrance and taste. Sorghum. they are generally always a whole product since the only part that is easily removable is the inedible hull. Scientists at the University of Leicester, UK, analyzed the phenolic compounds in brown rice, brown rice bran, and white milled rice (from the same varietal) to look for known cancer-suppressive compounds. Additional label reading is required to correctly identify foods that qualify as whole grain.