POPE JOHN XXIII.
; REUMONT, Gesch. Liber Pontificalis, ed. In 968, John appointed the first bishop in Poland, Jordan. Papal appointment was a medieval method of selecting a pope. The emperor banished to Germany the two men appointed consul; the twelve principal militia leaders (the Decarcones, one appointed to each of the city's twelve regions) were hanged.
In December the emperor arrived and dispensed stern justice to the conspirators, some of whom were hanged and others banished. In one case, dated September 29, 970, for the monastery of St. Vincent of Metz, we find the first recorded grant of the Pontificals. The Catholic Encyclopedia. After him are Francis of Paola, Anne Catherine Emmerich, Denis, Guru Nanak, Justin Martyr, and Alexius of Rome.
His pontificate was caught up in the continuing conflict … Its abbot was granted the use, under certain conditions, of the Dalmatic and Episcopal sandals. In one case, the monks of the monastery of St. Peter at Novalisa, asked for the pope to intervene to help protect them against a local count named Ardoin. Pope John X was the bishop of Rome and nominal ruler of the Papal States from March 914 to his death. [2] Consequently, John was probably the brother of Crescentius the Elder (the patricius romanorum), as well as Stephania, lady of Palestrina (who married Count Benedict, rector of the Sabina) and Marozia, who married Count Gregory I of Tusculum. Today he is considered by the Catholic Church to have been an antipope during the first period and the legitimate pope during the second. [3], Brought up at the Lateran palace, he was a member of the schola cantorum , and his career during that time saw him pass through a number of positions, including that of Ostiarius , Reader, Exorcist and Acolyte before reaching the ranks of Subdeacon and then Deacon. Other plotters were either executed or blinded. [5] At some point he was appointed as the bishop of Narni, as which he participated in the Synod of Rome (963) which deposed Pope John XII, as well as the Synod of Rome (964) which saw his restoration. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast treasure, and returned in 984 and removed Pope John XIV (983–984) from office. [17], After John XIII's restoration, he worked with the Emperor on ecclesiastical improvements. [19], Then, on Christmas Day in 967, John XIII crowned Otto I's son Otto II as co-emperor. [14] [15] In gratitude for the emperor's intervention, John lauded him by declaring him to be the liberator and restorer of the Church, the illustrious guest, and three times blessed emperor. [13] Although he was initially lenient towards the rebels, the arrival of Otto saw a change in approach. John XIII, (born, Rome—died Sept. 6, 972, Rome), pope from 965 to 972. The emperor ordered that the nobleman be taken to Pope John XIII, with instructions that the Chains of Saint Peter be placed upon him, and so cure him. John XIII of Crescenzi family (died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1, 965, until his death. [4] After leaving the schola, he took an active part in papal administration, serving in the Chancery of Apostolic Briefs under popes John XII and Leo VIII. 360-362; 364, ”Roma caput totius mundi et ecclesia universalis ab inquis pene pessum data, a Domno Ottone aug. [28] In 973, John appointed Mlada, a sister of Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia, as an abbess of the Benedictine Order. Kirsch, J.P. (1910). He eventually fell out with Marozia, who had him deposed, imprisoned, and finally murdered. At a Roman synod in 969 Benevento received the same dignity. Pope John left Capua, and crossed into Sabina, where he was met by his brother-in-law, Benedict, who also offered John his support. Under the leadership of Peter, the Prefect of the city, together with Rofred, the Count of Roman Campagna and the Vestararius Stephen, they roused the Roman nobility by declaring that, ”The Saxon kings were going to destroy their power and influence, and were going to lead their children into captivity.” [2], The leaders of the Roman militia captured the pope on December 16, 965, and imprisoned him in Castel Sant'Angelo. At Rome a reaction set in towards the exiled pope, and, when in 966 Emperor Otto undertook another expedition to Italy, the Romans were terrified and permitted John to return to the city on 14 November.
John XIII was succeeded by Benedict VI. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08427a.htm. 358-359, Mann, pgs. John XII's pontificate became infamous for the alleged depravity and worldliness with which he conducted his office. It has been conjectured that his father was the Roman noble John Crescentius, a member of the Crescentii family who had married into the family of Count Theophylact I of Tusculum. APA citation. John’s pontificate occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum. 358-359, Mann, pgs. This article was transcribed for New Advent by John Fobian. Pope Leo VIII was a Roman prelate who claimed the Holy See from 963 until 964 in opposition to John XII and Benedict V and again from 23 June 964 to his death.
In presence of the imperial envoys, Liutprand, Bishop of Cremona, and Otgar, Bishop of Speyer, the emperor's candidate, John, Bishop of Narni, was elected pope, and crowned on 1 October, 965, as John XIII. He was elected Pope John XIII five months after the death of Pope Leo VIII (963–965), as a compromise candidate, with the agreement of Emperor Otto I (936–973). John’s alliance with the imperial family made his pontificate peaceful, and the emperor restored considerable territory to the Papal State. [12] In Rome, the pope's supporters rose up, and Rofred and Stephen were killed by John Crescentius, the pope's nephew. [9] However, with the emperor back in Germany, various local powers decided to take advantage of his absence to intrigue against John XIII. Leo VIII died in March, 965, whereupon the Romans requested the emperor to send Benedict back to them as pope. Appointment might have taken several forms, with a variety of roles for the laity and civic leaders, Byzantine and Germanic emperors, and noble Roman families. On Christmas Day, 967, the latter's thirteen-year-old son, Otto II, came to Rome, and was crowned joint emperor with his father. The Tusculan Papacy was a period of papal history from 1012 to 1048 where three successive relatives of the counts of Tusculum were installed as pope. A candidate of the counts of Tusculum, he attempted to unify Italy under the leadership of Berengar of Friuli, and was instrumental in the defeat of the Saracens at the Battle of Garigliano. John also favored the negotiations held with the Byzantines for a matrimonial alliance between Otto II and the Princess Theophano. Our latest podcast episode features popular TED speaker Mara Mintzer. Before him are Camillus de Lellis (1550), Grazia Deledda (1871), Pope Pontian (200), Marcus Furius Camillus (-446), Alcide De Gasperi (1881), and Baldassare Castiglione (1478). John crowned Otto’s 12-year-old son Otto II as emperor (Christmas 967). It is one of the first examples of the introduction of the system of feudalism into Roman territory. He belonged to the family of the elder Theodora, who by her marriage with the senator Theophylactus had, besides Marozia, another daughter, the younger Theodora, who married the consul John. The emperor ordered that the nobleman be taken to Pope John XIII, with instructions that the Chains of Saint Peter be placed upon him, and so cure him. His brief pontificate occurred at the end of a period known as the Saeculum obscurum. [20] Various synods were held before the emperors left Rome for the south of Italy, in which, sometimes at their request, John XIII took several German monasteries under his special protection, or decided that in some cases they were to remain forever “under the patronage (mundiburdium) of the kings or emperors.” [21] With Otto I seeking a marriage alliance with the Byzantine Empire through his son and a Byzantine princess, John XIII lent his support to Otto's cause. John XIII, POPE, date of birth unknown; enthroned on October 1, 965; d. September 6, 972. However, when John placed the true chain of Saint Peter on him, a thick smoke issued from the nobleman's body, cries were heard in the air, and the evil spirit left the nobleman. Nikephoros retorted by instead demanding the restitution of the Exarchate of Ravenna, which included Rome and the Papal States, as the price for the imperial marriage. He also established church hierarchy in Poland and Bohemia. With the backing of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, Benedict VI was elected pope the following year. It is one of the first examples of the introduction of the system of feudalism into Roman territory.
The events of the synod were recorded by Liutprand of Cremona. After him are Francis of Paola (1416), Denis (210), Alexius of Rome (400), Pope Vigilius (500), Pope Eusebius (250), and Pope Adrian III (800). Box 179 303 Remington Elgin, NE 68636. He also served as Librarian of the Holy Apostolic See in 961.
At a Roman synod in 969 Benevento received the same dignity. Finally, the Latin rite and not the Byzantine rite was to be followed, and someone who was well instructed in Latin literature had to be chosen as the first bishop. The marriage was performed by John XIII at Rome on 14 April 972.
Read more on Wikipedia. Among religious figures born in Italy, Pope John XIII ranks 202. After the death of John XII in 964 Benedictus Grammaticus was elected his successor as Benedict V. But Otto I brought back to Rome the anti-pope Leo VIII, whom he had set up in 963, and banished Benedict to Ham-burg. It was decided in a council held at Rome in the beginning of 967 in the emperor's presence that Grado was to be the patriarchal and metropolitan church of the whole of the Veneto. Other plotters were either executed or blinded.
), 470 sqq. [3], Brought up at the Lateran palace, he was a member of the schola cantorum, and his career during that time saw him pass through a number of positions, including that of Ostiarius, Reader, Exorcist and Acolyte before reaching the ranks of Subdeacon and then Deacon. He was related to the counts of Tusculum, a powerful Roman family which had dominated papal politics for over half a century.He became pope in his late teenage years or early twenties. [23] When negotiations broke down, Nikephoros refused to write to John XIII in his own hand, instead sending him a threatening letter written by his brother, Leo Phokas the Younger. Although John was a pious and learned man, the Roman nobles opposed Otto’s choice and kidnapped John (December 965).